Interactive Visual Lab

▸ Explore how an AFDD analyzes microsecond current waveforms, zero-crossing flat spots, and RF bursts.

This model visualises product performance testing under BS EN 62606: series micro-gap arc fault ignition, Townsend avalanche ionization, and Cassie-Mayr zero-crossing flat spots distinguishing genuine cable damage from benign drill commutator sparks (mandated under BS 7671 Reg 421.1.7).

▸ Watch contact bounce micro-arcs erode silver contact tips and see de-ion arc chutes quench plasma.

This cutaway model visualises electromechanical contactor kinematics under BS EN 60947-4-1 (AC-3/AC-4 duty): solenoid pull-in, mechanical contact bounce chatter (<3ms), inductive L di/dt back-EMF kickback, and Lorentz force de-ion arc splitting.

▸ See Dyn11 primary delta and secondary star windings create a 30° phase shift and trap 3rd harmonics.

This 3D model visualises dynamic rotating magnetic flux across a 3-limb laminated core, clock-face vector group phase displacements (Dyn11 11 o'clock 30° lag), and closed-mesh circulating zero-sequence triplen harmonics.

▸ Watch six thyristors chop sine waves to ramp motor voltage and tame starting current spikes.

This model visualises how phase-angle gate triggering smoothly ramps 3-phase stator voltage to prevent mechanical strain and grid voltage dips. As firing angle alpha delays conduction, real-time wave-chopping reduces starting torque and inrush current before switching to mains bypass.

▸ See high-frequency MOSFET switching transform 230V AC into isolated 24V DC power.

This model visualises 100kHz pulse chopping through a compact ferrite core alongside fast-acting 24V electronic circuit breakers. It demonstrates why thermal MCBs fail to trip on 24V control loops while active electronic fuses isolate shorted sensor cables in milliseconds.

▸ See three AC phase currents generate a smooth rotating magnetic field dragging the rotor.

This 3D model visualises how stationary stator windings create a rotating magnetic flux vector that induces current inside aluminium rotor bars. It shows how mechanical slip produces shaft torque and how star-delta links reconfigure terminal voltage.

▸ Follow resistance through spinning brass slip rings as peak torque shifts to zero RPM.

This model visualises a wound rotor motor with brass slip rings, graphite brushes, and a four-step external starting rheostat. It demonstrates how adding rotor resistance alters the torque-speed curve to launch heavy inertia loads without high current spikes.

▸ Watch residual earth fault current unbalance magnetic flux in a toroid to trip the relay.

This cutaway model visualises how a core balance CT senses milliamps of leakage current between line and neutral conductors. It demonstrates how opposing magnetic flux releases a spring-loaded relay armature to snap contacts open in milliseconds.

▸ Observe three 120-degree phases deliver constant instantaneous power while neutral current cancels to zero.

This model visualises why 3-phase power delivers smooth constant instantaneous power while cancelling neutral return current on balanced loads. It demonstrates instantaneous power summing and reveals how non-linear 3rd-harmonic currents stack up inside neutral conductors.

▸ Watch six IGBT switches pulse DC voltage to synthesize variable-frequency AC motor power.

This model visualises SPWM pulse slicing across a 3-phase IGBT inverter bridge driving an induction motor. It shows scalar V/f voltage boosting at low speeds and high dV/dt voltage reflection spikes on long motor cables.

▸ See a bimetal strip flex under overload while a solenoid plunger snaps short circuits open.

This cutaway model visualises the dual tripping mechanisms inside a miniature circuit breaker alongside an 11-blade de-ion arc chute. It contrasts slow thermal bimetal bending against millisecond magnetic plunger strikes across Type B, C, and D curves.

▸ Trace capacitor banks supplying reactive current locally to shrink the power triangle and current draw.

This model visualises the relationship between active, reactive, and apparent power alongside time-domain energy flow. It shows how inductive loads draw lagging current and demonstrates how automatic capacitor switching corrects power factor to reduce supply kVA.

▸ Watch starting capacitors synthesize a rotating field until a centrifugal switch snaps open.

This model visualises why single-phase motors lack starting torque until an auxiliary winding and capacitor synthesize a 90° phase shift. It demonstrates Double Revolving Field Theory and shows centrifugal switch contacts opening as the rotor reaches 75% operating speed.

▸ Watch microscopic magnetic domains align as excitation current traces out a core hysteresis loop.

This model visualises Weiss domain rotation, magnetic saturation, remanent flux, and coercive force inside transformer steel. It shows how laminating core steel breaks up circulating eddy current loops to reduce iron losses.

▸ Watch alternating core flux step voltage up or down while copper and iron losses vary.

This model visualises Faraday’s mutual induction across primary and secondary windings in a 3-phase distribution transformer. It demonstrates voltage regulation under lagging loads and highlights the operating point where fixed iron losses equal variable copper losses for peak efficiency.